Ang Lee Biography

Ang Lee (|p=L? ?n}}; born October 23, 1954) is a Taiwanese-born American film director, screenwriter and producer.

Throughout his career, Ang Lee has sought to explore complex themes in his movies. His earlier films frequently sought to explore the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity, eastern and western. This is clearly evident in films such as The Wedding Banquet, Pushing Hands, Eat Drink Man Woman. Lee also adeptly deals with the complexities of human emotion (particularly repressed, hidden emotions) in many of his films including Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Hulk, and Brokeback Mountain. Whatever Lee has chosen to deal with in his films, he has done so in a way that demonstrates his remarkable insight into the human heart. It is this insight which has allowed his films to transcend cultural and linguistic barriers to speak to audiences all over the world.

Lee has won the Academy Award for Best Director twice, first for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and most recently for Life of Pi (2012). He also won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000). He is the first person of Asian descent to win an Oscar, Golden Globe and BAFTA for Best Director, and the only director to win two Best Film Awards (Golden Bear) at the Berlin International Film Festival.

Early life

Childhood and education

</ref> }} Ang Lee was born in the town of Chaochou in Pingtung, a southern agricultural county in Taiwan. He grew up in a household that put heavy emphasis on education and the Chinese classics. Both of Lee's parents moved to Taiwan from Mainland China following the Chinese Nationalists' defeat in the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Lee's father imbued his children with studying Chinese culture and art, especially calligraphy.

Lee studied in the Provincial Tainan First Senior High School (now National Tainan First Senior High School) where his father was the principal. He was expected to pass the annual Joint College/University Entrance Examination, the only route to a university education in Taiwan. But after failing the Exam twice, to the disappointment of his father, he entered a three-year college, National Arts School (now reorganized and expanded as National Taiwan University of Arts) and graduated in 1975. His father had wanted him to become a professor, but he had become interested in drama and the arts at college. This early frustration set his career on the path of performance art. Seeing Ingmar Bergman's film The Virgin Spring (1960) was a formative experience for him.

After finishing the Taiwan's mandatory military service, Lee went to the US in 1979 to study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he completed his bachelor's degree in theater in 1980. Here, Lee met his future wife Jane Lin (), also a Taiwanese student, who pursued her Ph.D. degree at UIUC. Thereupon, he enrolled at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University, where he received his MFA in Film Production. He was a classmate of Spike Lee and worked on the crew of his thesis film, Joe's Bed-Stuy Barbershop: We Cut Heads.

During graduate school, Lee finished a 16mm short film, Shades of the Lake (1982), which won the Best Drama Award in Short Film in Taiwan. His own thesis work, a 43-minute drama, Fine Line (1984), won NYU's Wasserman Award for Outstanding Direction and was later selected for the Public Broadcasting Service.

Life after graduation

Lee's NYU thesis drew attention from the William Morris Agency, the famous talent and literary agency that later represented Lee. At first, though, WMA found Lee few opportunities, and Lee remained unemployed for six years. During this time, he was a full-time house-husband, while his wife Jane Lin, a molecular biologist, was the sole breadwinner for the family of four. This arrangement, usually an embarrassment in most societies, put enormous pressure on the couple, but with Lin's support and understanding, Lee did not abandon his career in films but continued to generate new ideas from movies and performances. He also wrote several screenplays during this time.

In 1990, Lee submitted two screenplays, Pushing Hands and The Wedding Banquet, to a competition sponsored by Taiwan's Government Information Office, and they came in first and second respectively. The winning screenplays brought Lee to the attention of Li-Kong Hsu (), a recently promoted senior manager in a major studio who had strong interests in Lee's unique style and freshness. Hsu, a first-time producer, invited Lee to direct Pushing Hands, a full-length feature that debuted in 1991.

Career

Debut from Taiwan

The "Father Knows Best" trilogy

Pushing Hands (1992) was a success in Taiwan both among critics and at the box office. It received eight nominations in the Golden Horse Film Festival, Taiwan's premier film festival. Inspired by the success, Li-Kong Hsu collaborated with Lee in their second film, The Wedding Banquet (1993), which won the Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival and was nominated as the Best Foreign Language Film in both the Golden Globe and the Academy Awards. In all, this film collected eleven Taiwanese and international awards and made Lee a rising star. These first two movies were based on stories of Chinese Americans, and both were filmed in the US.

In 1995, Hsu invited Lee to return to Taiwan to make Eat Drink Man Woman, a film that depicts traditional values, modern relationships, and family conflicts in Taipei. The film was a box office hit and was critically acclaimed. For a second consecutive year, Lee's film received the Best Foreign Language Film nomination in both the Golden Globe and Academy Awards, as well as in the British Academy Award. Eat Drink Man Woman won five awards in Taiwan and internationally, including the Best Director from Independent Spirit.

The three films show the Confucian family at risk and star the Taiwanese actor Sihung Lung to form what has been called Lee's "Father Knows Best" trilogy.

Arrival in Hollywood

Sense and Sensibility

Lee's three acclaimed first dramas opened the door to Hollywood for him. In 1995, Lee directed Columbia TriStar's British classic Sense and Sensibility. The switch from Taiwanese to British films did not prevent Lee's work from garnering awards: Sense and Sensibility made Lee a second-time winner of the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival. It was nominated for 7 Academy Awards, and won Best Adapted Screenplay for screenwriter Emma Thompson, who also starred in the movie alongside Hugh Grant and Kate Winslet. Sense and Sensibility also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama.

After this, Lee directed two more Hollywood movies: The Ice Storm (1997), a drama set in 1970s suburban America, and Ride with the Devil, an American Civil War drama (1999). Although the critics still highly praised these latter two films, their box office was not impressive, and for a time this interrupted Lee's unbroken popularity " from both general audiences and arthouse aficionados " since his first full-length movie. However, in the late 1990s and 2000s, The Ice Storm has had high VHS and DVD sales and rentals and repeated screenings on cable television, which has increased the film's popularity among audiences.

1999 onward

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

In 1999, Li-Kong Hsu, Lee's old partner and supporter, invited him to make a movie based on the traditional Chinese "wuxia" (martial arts and chivalry) genre. Excited about the opportunity to fulfill his childhood dream, Lee assembled a team from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Mainland China for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000). The film was a surprising success worldwide. With Chinese dialogue and English subtitles, the film became the highest grossing foreign film in many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, and was nominated in 10 categories at the Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Foreign Language Film, and Best Director. It ended up winning Best Foreign Language Film and three technical awards. The success of Crouching Tiger demonstrated that Lee's artistry had a general appeal; it also inspired such established directors as Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige to explore wuxia films for Western audiences.

Hulk

In 2003, Lee returned to Hollywood to direct Hulk, his second big-budget movie after the disappointment of Ride with the Devil's restricted release. The film received mixed reviews and became a moderate success, grossing over $245 million at the box office. After the setback, Lee considered retiring early, but his father encouraged him to continue making movies.

Brokeback Mountain

Lee decided to take on a small-budget, low-profile independent film based on Annie Proulx's Pulitzer Prize-finalist short story, Brokeback Mountain. In a 2005 article by Robert K. Elder, Lee was quoted as saying, "What do I know about gay ranch hands in Wyoming?" In spite of the director's removal from the subject at hand, Brokeback Mountain showcased Lee's skills in probing the depths of the human heart. The 2005 movie about the forbidden love between two Wyoming sheepherders immediately caught public attention and became a cultural phenomenon, initiating intense debates and becoming a box office hit.

The film was critically acclaimed at major international film festivals and won Lee numerous Best Director and Best Picture awards worldwide. Brokeback Mountain was the most acclaimed film of 2005, winning 71 awards and an additional 52 nominations. It won the Golden Lion (best film) award at the Venice International Film Festival and was named 2005's best film by the Los Angeles, New York, Boston, and London film critics. It also won best picture at the 2005 Broadcast Film Critics Association, Directors Guild of America, Writers Guild of America (Adapted Screenplay), Producers Guild of America and the Independent Spirit Awards as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture " Drama, with Lee winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Director. Brokeback also won Best Film and Best Director at the 2006 British Academy Awards (BAFTA). Brokeback Mountain was nominated for a leading eight Oscars and was the front runner for Best Picture heading into the March 5 ceremony, but lost out to Crash, a story about race relations in Los Angeles, in a controversial upset. He became the first person of Asian heritage and the first non-white person to ever win the Best Director at the Academy Awards. In 2006, following his Best Director Oscar, Ang Lee was bestowed the Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon, the second highest civilian honour, by the Taiwanese government.

Lust, Caution

After Brokeback Mountain, Lee returned to a Chinese topic. His next film was Lust, Caution, which was adapted from a short novel by the Chinese author Eileen Chang. The story was written in 1950, and was loosely based on an actual event that took place in 1939"1940 in Japanese-occupied Shanghai, China, during World War II. Similar to Brokeback Mountain, Ang Lee adapted and expanded a short, simple story into a feature film in a way that allows individual figures to develop sophisticated layers of reserved emotions, without being sidetracked by complicated plots or overstuffed material.

Lust, Caution was distributed by Focus Features and premiered at international film festivals in the summer and early fall of 2007. In the US, the movie received a NC-17 rating (no one 17 and under admitted) from the MPAA mainly due to several strongly explicit sex scenes. This was a challenge to the film's distribution because many theater chains in the United States refuse to show NC-17 films. The director and film studio have decided not to appeal the decision. Lee removed 9 minutes from the film to make the content suitable for minor audiences in order to be permitted to show Lust, Caution in mainland China.

Lust, Caution captured the Golden Lion from the 2007 Biennale Venice Film Festival, making Lee the winner of the highest prize for the second time in three years (Lee is one of only four filmmakers to have ever won the Golden Lion twice). When Lust, Caution was played in Lee's native Taiwan in its original full-length edition, it was very well received. Staying in Taiwan to promote the film and to participate in a traditional Chinese holiday, Lee got emotional when he found that his work was widely applauded by fellow Taiwanese. Lee admitted that he had low expectations for this film from the US audience since "its pace, its film language " it's all very Chinese." Indeed, the film was ignored by the Oscars, receiving zero nominations, despite the generally positive critical reception and the fact most of Ang Lee's past films had received multiple Academy Award nominations. It was snubbed even from consideration in the Best Foreign Language Film category; after being officially submitted by Taiwan, the Academy ruled that an insufficient number of Taiwanese nationals had participated in the production, thus disqualifying it from further consideration.

Lee was chosen as president of the jury for the 2009 edition of the Venice Film Festival that took place from September 2 to 12, 2009.

Life of Pi

Lee's next film after 2009's Taking Woodstock was Life of Pi, which was adapted from the novel of the same name written by Yann Martel.

The story was a retrospective first-person narrative from Pi, a then 16-year-old boy from India, who is the only human to survive the sinking of a freighter on the way from India to Canada. He finds himself on a lifeboat with an orangutan, a hyena, a wounded zebra and a Bengal tiger. During this unlikely journey, young Pi questions and reassures his belief in God and the meaning of life. The novel was once considered impossible to make into a movie, but Lee persuaded 20th Century Fox to invest $120 million and heavily relied on 3D special effects in post-production. Unlike most other sci-fi precedents, Lee explores the artistic horizon of applying 3D effects and pushes the boundary of how this technology can serve the movie's artistic vision. The movie made its commercial premiere during the Thanksgiving weekend of 2012 in the US and worldwide and became a highly critical and box office success. In January 2013, Life of Pi earned 11 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Visual Effects; only one fewer than Steven Spielberg's Lincoln. He went on to win the Academy Award for Best Director.

In 2013 he was selected as a member of the main competition jury at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.

Directing for television

In March 2013, it was announced that Lee will direct a television pilot for the drama series Tyrant, created by Gideon Raff and developed by Howard Gordon and Craig Wright. Production will take place Summer 2013 for the FX series. However, Lee had decided to quit the project for he wanted to take a break from his hectic schedule.

Recurring collaborators

Ang Lee has had a career-long collaboration with producer and screenwriter James Schamus and editor Tim Squyres. He has also worked several times with music composer Mychael Danna.

Year	Title	James Schamus		Tim Squyres	Mychael Danna
		Producer	Writer	Editor	Composer
1992	Pushing Hands
1993	The Wedding Banquet
1994	Eat Drink Man Woman
1995	Sense and Sensibility
1997	The Ice Storm
1999	Ride with the Devil
2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
2003	Hulk				*
2005	Brokeback Mountain
2007	Lust, Caution
2009	Taking Woodstock
2012	Life of Pi

Personal life

Lee lives in Larchmont, in Westchester County, New York, with his wife Jane Lin, a microbiologist, whom he married in 1983. They have two sons, Haan (born 1984), and Mason (born 1990). Lee is a naturalized US citizen and a Buddhist. His younger son Mason Lee starred in the Hollywood blockbuster movie The Hangover Part II as Teddy.

Filmography

Lee has been involved in the process of filmmaking in various capacities, though the highlight of his career and legacy is his directorial work. The following are Lee's various credits.

Year	Film	Director	Producer	Writer	Editor	Actor	Notes
1992	Pushing Hands
1993	The Wedding Banquet
1994	Eat Drink Man Woman
1995	Sense and Sensibility
	Siao Yu
1997	The Ice Storm
1999	Ride with the Devil
2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
2002	The Hire
2003	Hulk
2005	Brokeback Mountain
2007	Lust, Caution
	Hollywood Chinese
2009	Taking Woodstock
2012	Life of Pi

Accolades

Below are Ang Lee's films' major nominations and awards.

Year	Film	Academy Award nominations	Academy Award wins	BAFTA nominations	BAFTA wins	Golden Globe nominations	Golden Globe wins
1992	Pushing Hands
1993	The Wedding Banquet	1				1
1994	Eat Drink Man Woman	1		1		1
1995	Sense and Sensibility	7	1	12	3	6	2
1997	The Ice Storm			2	1	1
1999	Ride with the Devil
2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon	10	4	14	4	3	2
2002	The Hire
2003	Hulk
2005	Brokeback Mountain	8	3	9	4	7	4
2007	Lust, Caution			2		1
2009	Taking Woodstock
2012	Life of Pi	11	4	9	2	3	1
	Total	38	12	49	14	23	9

Lee has won a myriad of major international awards, including 3 Academy Awards, 3 BAFTA Awards, 3 Golden Globe Awards; 3 Independent Spirit Awards ; 2 Golden Lion awards and 2 Golden Bear awards.

Awards and nominations received by Ang Lee

Award	Category	Year	Title	Result
Academy Awards	Best Foreign Language Film	1993	The Wedding Banquet
		1994	Eat Drink Man Woman
		2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
	Best Picture	2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2012	Life of Pi
	Best Director	2000	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2005	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
Cannes Film Festival	Golden Palm	1997	The Ice Storm
		2009	Taking Woodstock
Berlin International Film Festival	Golden Berlin Bear	1993	The Wedding Banquet
		1996	Sense and Sensibility
Venice Film Festival	Golden Lion	2005	Brokeback Mountain
		2007	Lust, Caution
Golden Globe Award	Best Foreign Language Film	2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2008	Lust, Caution
	Best Motion Picture "? Drama	2012	Life of Pi
	Best Director	1996	Sense and Sensibility
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2006	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
British Academy Film Awards	Best Film Not in the English Language	1995	Eat Drink Man Woman
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2008	Lust, Caution
	Best Film	1996	Sense and Sensibility
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2012	Life of Pi
	David Lean Award for Direction	1996	Sense and Sensibility
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2006	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
Producers Guild of America Award	PGA Award " Motion Pictures	2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2006	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
Critics' Choice Award	Best Director	2006	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
Directors Guild of America Award	DGA Award " Motion Pictures	1996	Sense and Sensibility
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2006	Brokeback Mountain
		2012	Life of Pi
Independent Spirit Awards	Best Feature	1994	The Wedding Banquet
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
	Best Director	1994	The Wedding Banquet
		1995	Eat Drink Man Woman
		2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2006	Brokeback Mountain
	Best Screenplay	1994	The Wedding Banquet
		1995	Eat Drink Man Woman
NBR Award	Best Director	1995	Sense and Sensibility
		2005	Brokeback Mountain
Saturn Award	Best Direction	2001	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
		2012	Life of Pi
AACTA Awards	Best Direction " International	2012	Life of Pi