Kevin Hart
Kevin Hart Biography
Kevin Darnell Hart (born July 6, 1979) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer.Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hart began his career by winning several amateur comedy competitions at clubs throughout New England, culminating in his first real break in 2001 when he was cast by Judd Apatow for a recurring role on the TV series Undeclared. The series lasted only one season, but he soon landed other roles in movies like Paper Soldiers (2002), Scary Movie 3 (2003), Soul Plane (2004), In the Mix (2005), and Little Fockers (2010).
Hart's comedic reputation continued to grow with the release of his first stand-up album I'm a Grown Little Man (2008), and performances in the films Think Like a Man (2012), Grudge Match (2013), Ride Along (2014) and its sequel Ride Along 2 (2016), About Last Night (2014), Get Hard (2015), Central Intelligence (2015), and The Secret Life of Pets (2016). He also released four more comedy albums, Seriously Funny in 2010, Laugh at My Pain in 2011, Let Me Explain in 2013, and What Now? in 2016. In 2015, Time Magazine named Hart one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list. He currently stars as himself in the lead role of Real Husbands of Hollywood.
Early life
Kevin Hart was born on July 6, 1979 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his single mother, Nancy Hart, and has one brother, Robert. His father, Henry Witherspoon, a cocaine addict, was in and out of jail throughout most of Kevin's childhood, and Kevin used humor as a way to cope with his troubled family life.After graduating from high school, Hart briefly attended the Community College of Philadelphia and moved to New York City. He then moved to Brockton, Massachusetts, and found work as a shoe salesman. He began pursuing a career in stand-up comedy after performing at an amateur night at a club in Philadelphia.
Career
Stand-up
Hart's first gig was at The Laff House in Philadelphia under the name of Lil Kev, which did not go well. His career suffered a slow start, as he was booed off stage several times, once even having a piece of chicken thrown at him. After those initial unsuccessful shows, Hart began entering comedy competitions throughout Massachusetts, and his fortunes soon turned for the better.It took time for Hart to develop a unique comedic style. After an early period of attempting to imitate comedians like Chris Tucker, he found his own rhythm by delving into his insecurities and life experiences. "Because of what I do, it has to be an open book," he has said. "But right now this is a book that is being written."
Hart's comedy tours began in 2009 with his act titled "I'm a Grown Little Man," followed by "Seriously Funny" in 2010, "Laugh at My Pain" in 2011, and "Let Me Explain" in 2013, the latter two of which were also released as features in movie theaters. Hart grossed over $15 million from "Laugh at My Pain", making it one of the year's top-selling comedy tours. Hart also has a game available through iTunes called "Little Jumpman." His Facebook page, Twitter account, and YouTube channel are all connected to and accessible through this app. Most overseas fans of Hart discovered him on YouTube, as well.
It was announced in October 2013 that ABC will be making a 30-minute pilot based on Hart's stand-up act. Hart does not plan to star in the sitcom, but does plan on having a recurring role.
On April 9, 2015, Hart embarked a comedy world tour titled the What Now? Tour at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, which concluded on August 7, 2016 at the Columbus Civic Center in Columbus.
Film and television roles
Hart came to prominence from his guest appearance in Undeclared. He made his film debut in the film Paper Soldiers. Hart then gained further recognition from his other films such as the Scary Movie franchise, Soul Plane, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Death at a Funeral, and Little Fockers.He played Doug in the film The Five-Year Engagement (2012) and appeared in Think Like a Man which was a box office success. He also appeared in the sequel. He had a cameo as himself in This Is the End. In 2013, Hart played a boxing promoter in Grudge Match and appeared in Exit Strategy as Mannequin Head Man. He also appeared in 35 and Ticking.
In 2014, Hart starred as Ben in Ride Along, opposite Ice Cube. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but was a major box office success. Hart returned in the sequel, Ride Along 2, which was released on January 15, 2016.
In 2013, Hart co-created Real Husbands of Hollywood with Chris Spencer. The show follows Hart along with other married celebrities (each playing a comical fictionalized version of themselves) within the series including: Boris Kodjoe, Nelly, Duane Martin, J.B. Smoove, Nick Cannon, and Robin Thicke. Thicke didn't return for the second season due to his music career, though Hart has stated that the door is open for Thicke to return. The series is intentionally filmed in a style similar to Bravo's The Real Housewives. Episodes often hinge on the "real" Kevin Hart's desperately unsuccessful attempts to climb Hollywood's celebrity social ladder (which always backfire in humiliating ways), and the character's barely-hidden jealousy of his more successful celebrity friends. A sneak peek was shown as a segment during the 2012 BET Awards and the official promo was released in October 2012. Also in 2015, Hart starred in the films Get Hard with Will Ferrell and The Wedding Ringer.
In addition to acting, Hart has also hosted various ceremonies. Hart first hosted the 2011 BET Awards. Hart then hosted the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. His longtime friend Judd Apatow, the director who gave him his first big on-screen break in the TV series Undeclared, was the one who recommended him for the gig. Hart hopes that this will project him further into a side career as an emcee, stating, "Hopefully after MTV, of course we're talking Emmys, Oscars, whatever." He has hosted two episodes of Saturday Night Live. In 2015, Hart hosted the Comedy Central Roast of Justin Bieber. As of October 2016, Hart is in talks to portray Santa Claus in Dashing Through the Snow, a planned 2017 Disney Christmas-themed film.
Music
As Chocolate Droppa, his alias, he signed to Motown Records and released Kevin Hart: What Now? (The Mixtape Presents Chocolate Droppa), the soundtrack to his stand-up film of the same name. He released the singles "Push It On Me" featuring Trey Songz and "Baller Alert" with Migos & T.I.Personal life
Kevin and Torrei Hart filed for divorce in February 2010, citing irreconcilable differences. Hart requested joint custody of their two children, daughter Heaven () and son Hendrix (). The divorce was finalized in November 2011.Hart's relationship with his father improved after the latter recovered from his addiction. Hart said, "My dad said I was supposed to be on drugs. I was like, 'Dad, shut up,' but then I thought about it, and it was stupid, but it made sense. He was saying that basically he was my example to never go down that road."
Hart also talks about his mother in his stand-up routine, portraying her as a loving, yet intimidating woman. She died from cancer in 2007.
On August 18, 2014, Hart proposed to Eniko Parrish. They married on August 13, 2016 near Santa Barbara, California. On May 14, 2017, Hart and Parrish announced that they were expecting their first child, a boy, together.
Legal issues
Hart was arrested on April 14, 2013 on suspicion of drunk driving after his black Mercedes nearly collided with a tanker truck on a Southern California freeway. Hart failed a field sobriety test and was booked for misdemeanor DUI.On August 5, 2013, Hart was sentenced to three years of probation after pleading nolo contendere|no contest to one count of driving under the influence of alcohol.
Filmography
Film
Year | Film | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2002 | Paper Soldiers | Shawn | |
2003 | Scary Movie 3 | CJ | |
Death of a Dynasty | P-Diddy / Cop 1 / Dance Coach / Hyper Rapper / H. Lector | ||
2004 | Along Came Polly | Vic | |
Soul Plane | Nashawn Wade | ||
2005 | The 40-Year-Old Virgin | Smart Tech Customer | |
In The Mix | Busta | ||
2006 | Scary Movie 4 | CJ | |
The Last Stand | F Stop/G Spot | ||
2007 | Epic Movie | Silas | |
2008 | Fool's Gold | Bigg Bunny | |
Superhero Movie | Trey | ||
Extreme Movie | Barry | ||
Meet Dave | Number 17 | ||
Drillbit Taylor | Pawn Shop Dealer | ||
2009 | Not Easily Broken | Tree | |
Kevin Hart: I'm a Grown Little Man | Himself | Stand-up film | |
2010 | Something Like a Business | JoJo | |
Kevin Hart: Seriously Funny | Himself | Stand-up film | |
Death at a Funeral | Brian | ||
Little Fockers | Nurse Louis | ||
2011 | 35 and Ticking | Cleavon | |
Kevin Hart: Laugh at My Pain | Himself | Stand-up film | |
Let Go | Kris Styles | ||
2012 | The Five-Year Engagement | Doug | |
Think Like a Man | Cedric | ||
Exit Strategy | Mannequin Head Man | ||
2013 | This Is the End | Kevin Hart | |
Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain | Himself | Stand-up film | |
Grudge Match | Dante Slate, Jr. | ||
2014 | Ride Along | Ben Barber | |
About Last Night | Bernie | ||
Think Like a Man Too | Cedric | ||
School Dance | OG Pretty Lil' Thug | Uncredited role | |
Top Five | Charles | ||
2015 | The Wedding Ringer | Jimmy Callahan/Bic Mitchum | |
Get Hard | Darnell Lewis | ||
2016 | Ride Along 2 | Ben Barber | |
Central Intelligence | Calvin Joyner | ||
The Secret Life of Pets | Snowball (voice) | ||
Kevin Hart: What Now? | Himself | Stand-up film | |
2017 | Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie | George Beard (voice) | |
The Upside | Driss | Completed | |
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle | Franklin "Moose" Finbar | Post-production |
Television
Year | Show | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
2002-2003 | Undeclared | Luke | 3 episodes |
2002-2004 | Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn | Himself | 8 episodes |
2004 | The Big House | Kevin | 5 episodes |
Comedy Central Presents | Himself | Stand-up special | |
2005 | Barbershop | James Ricky | 3 episodes |
2005-2006 | Jake In Progress | Nugget Dawson | 2 episodes |
2006 | Love, Inc. | James | 2 episodes |
Help Me Help You | Kevin | Episode: "Raging Bill" | |
2007 | All of Us | Greg | Episode: "The B-R-E-A-K-U-P" |
Wild 'n Out | Various | 21 episodes | |
2009 | Party Down | Dro Grizzle | Episode: "Taylor Stiltskin Sweet Sixteen" |
Krd Mndoon and The Flaming Sword of Fire | Zezelryck | 6 episodes | |
Kevin Hart: I'm a Grown Little Man | Himself | Stand-up special | |
2010 | Kevin Hart: Seriously Funny | Himself | Stand-up special |
Cubed | Security Guard | Episode: "2.10" | |
2011-2012 | Modern Family | Andre | 2 episodes |
2011 | BET Awards 2011 | Host | TV special |
2012 | Workaholics | Kevin | Episode: "To Kill a Chupacabraj" |
2012 MTV Video Music Awards | Host | TV special | |
2013-present | Real Husbands of Hollywood | Himself | Also co-creator, writer, executive producer |
2013 | Second Generation Wayans | Himself | Episode: "The Arrival" |
2013-2015 | Saturday Night Live | Host | 2 episodes |
2015 | Comedy Central Roast of Justin Bieber | Host | TV special |
2016 | Lip Sync Battle | Himself | Episode: "Kevin Hart vs Olivia Munn" |
Top Gear | Himself | 1 episode | |
Blue Peter | Himself | 1 episode |
Year | Song | Artist | Role |
---|---|---|---|
2004 | "Lean Back" | Terror Squad featuring Fat Joe and Remy Ma | Himself |
2011 | "Booty Wurk (One Cheek at a Time)" | T-Pain | Himself |
Music
- Kevin Hart: What Now? (2016)
Awards and nominations
Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | Teen Choice Award | Choice Breakout TV Star - Male | The Big House | |
2005 | BET Comedy Award | Platinum Mic Viewers' Choice | ||
2012 | BET Award | Best Actor | Kevin Hart: Laugh at My Pain | |
Teen Choice Award | Choice Movie: Male Scene Stealer | Think Like a Man | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Movie Hissy Fit | Think Like a Man | ||
2014 | BET Award | Best Actor | Ride Along, Real Husbands of Hollywood, About Last Night | |
NAACP Image Award | Outstanding Comedy Series | Real Husbands of Hollywood | ||
NAACP Image Award | Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series | Real Husbands of Hollywood | ||
NAACP Image Award | Entertainer of the Year | |||
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award | Favorite Funny Star | |||
MTV Movie Award | Best Comedic Performance | Ride Along | ||
MTV Movie Award | Best On-Screen Duo (with Ice Cube) | Ride Along | ||
Acalpulco Black Film Festival | Artist of the Year | Kevin Hart: Let Me Explain, This Is the End, Grudge Match | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice TV: Reality Show | Real Husbands of Hollywood | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Movie Actor: Comedy | Ride Along | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Movie: Chemistry (with Ice Cube) | Ride Along | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Movie: Hissy Fit | Ride Along | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Comedian | |||
2015 | NAACP Image Award | Outstanding Comedy Series | Real Husbands of Hollywood | |
NAACP Image Award | Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series | Real Husbands of Hollywood | ||
MTV Movie Award | Best Comedic Performance | The Wedding Ringer | ||
MTV Movie Award | Comedic Genius Award | |||
BET Award] | Best Actor | The Wedding Ringer | ||
Teen Choice Award | Choice Comedian | |||
2016 | Billboard Touring Awards | Top Comedy Tour | ||
People's Choice Awards | Favorite Comedic Movie Actor | The Wedding Ringer | ||
Favorite Cable TV Actor | Real Husbands of Hollywood | |||
2017 | Favorite Comedic Movie Actor | Central Intelligence | ||
Favorite Animated Movie Voice | The Secret Life Of Pets as Snowball | |||
Kids' Choice Awards | Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie | |||
Favorite Villain | ||||
Most Wanted Pet | ||||
Best Friends Forever (shared with Dwayne Johnson) | Central Intelligence | |||
Best Friends Forever (shared with Ice Cube) | Ride Along 2 |
This webpage uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kevin_Hart" and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Reality TV World is not responsible for any errors or omissions the Wikipedia article may contain. |
- Katie Thurston says 'The Bachelorette' changed the way she dated before Jeff Arcuri engagement
- 'The Bachelorette' alum Ali Fedotowsky explains her dramatic body transformation
- 'The Bachelorette' alum Kaitlyn Bristowe slams trolls criticizing her plastic surgery
- '90 Day Fiance' couple Shaeeda Sween and Bilal Hazziez welcome baby after miscarriages
- Bravo stars Paige DeSorbo and Craig Conover split after three years of dating
- '90 Day: The Last Resort' recap: Jasmine and Gino argue, Stacey and Florian get spark back, Natalie apologizes
- Rachel Recchia shuts down Blake Moynes dating rumors again
- 'Dancing with the Stars' alum Lindsay Arnold reveals plastic surgery plans
- 'The Bachelor' alum Susie Evans shares update on Justin Glaze relationship
POPULAR PEOPLE (100)
- Aaron Tveit
- Aiden Turner
- Alex Vincent
- Alison Hagley
- Amelia Bingham
- Andrea Tovar
- Ann-Blair Thornton
- Anthony McPartlin
- Ashley Love Mills
- Barbara Kahatjipara
- Benito Martinez
- Bill Skarsgard
- Boyd Holbrook
- Brigitte Byrd
- Caitlin Upton
- Carmen Moore
- Catherine Doucet
- Charlie Rowe
- Chris Henry Coffey
- Christopher Murphey
- Cody Calafiore
- Crystal Balint
- Dana Mase
- Daphne Rye
- David Hess
- Deborah Mollison
- Dick Elliott
- Dorothea Lange
- Edna Hibbard
- Elizabeth Hess
- Emily Bronte
- Erika Linder
- Farren Soutar
- Fred Berger
- Gavin Richards
- Gerri Lawlor
- Graham Patrick Martin
- Harry Bellaver
- Herbert Kohler, Jr.
- Imogen Boorman
- J. R. Simplot
- Jaden Smith
- James Wrighten
- Jason Antoon
- Jeff Doucette
- Jennifer Salt
- Jessica Cecchini
- Jimmy McKenna
- Joely Fisher
- John McKeown
- Jonathan Silverman
- Judi Andersen
- Justin Chancellor
- Kate Snow
- Keenen Ivory Wayans
- Keri Phebus
- Kimberly Perry
- Kyle Massey
- Lauren Alaina
- Len Wiseman
- Lily Tomlin
- Lizette Thorne
- Lucy Evangelista
- Mae Bacon
- Margaret Lewis
- Marissa Whitley
- Mary Grace Canfield
- Max Beesley
- Melissa Fumero
- Michael Greenburg
- Michelle Keegan
- Misee Harris
- Nancy Lenehan
- Neil Young
- Nikki Exotika
- Oona Hart
- Patti Deutsch
- Penny Drake
- Philip Voss
- Raine Baljak
- Renata Kuerten
- Ricky Gervais
- Robert Markowitz
- Ronan Farrow
- Ruth Malcomson
- Samantha Morton
- Sarah Wayne Callies
- Seth Grahame-Smith
- Sheryl Crow
- Sonia Ferrer
- Stephen Meadows
- Susan Glover
- Tamlyn Tomita
- Teri Byrne
- Tim Burton
- Toni Basil
- Valda Cooper
- Vin Scully
- Whitney Port
- Yahya Abdul-Mateen II
About Reality TV World •
Advertise on Reality TV World •
Contact Reality TV World •
Privacy Policy •
RSS Feed
Top Shows:
The Amazing Race ·
American Idol ·
America's Got Talent ·
America's Next Top Model ·
The Apprentice ·
The Bachelor ·
The Bachelorette ·
Big Brother ·
The Biggest Loser ·
Dance Moms ·
Dancing with the Stars ·
Duck Dynasty ·
Extreme Makeover ·
Hell's Kitchen ·
Keeping Up with the Kardashians ·
MasterChef ·
Pawn Stars ·
Project Runway ·
The Real Housewives ·
Shark Tank ·
So You Think You Can Dance ·
Survivor ·
Swamp People ·
Teen Mom ·
Top Chef ·
The Voice ·
Top People: Colton Underwood · Becca Kufrin · Arie Luyendyk Jr. · Rachel Lindsay · Nick Viall · Jojo Fletcher · Ben Higgins · Kaitlyn Bristowe · Chris Soules · Andi Dorfman · Juan Pablo Galavis · Desiree Hartsock · Sean Lowe · Emily Maynard · Ben Flajnik · Ashley Hebert · Brad Womack · Ali Fedotowsky · Jake Pavelka · Jillian Harris · Jason Mesnick · DeAnna Pappas · Matt Grant · Andy Baldwin · Lorenzo Borghese · Travis Stork · Charlie O'Connell · Byron Velvick · Jen Schefft · Andrew Firestone · Aaron Buerge · Trista Rehn · Cassie Randolph · Tayshia Adams · Hannah Godwin · Caelynn Miller-Keyes · Hannah Brown · Demi Burnett · Lincoln Adim · Leo Dottavio · Blake Horstmann · Chris Randone · Jason Tartick · Garrett Yrigoyen · Tia Booth · Lauren Burnham · Kendall Long · Bri Amaramthus · Valerie Biles · Jessica Carroll · Jenna Cooper · Maquel Cooper · Jenny Delaney · Seinne Fleming · Olivia Goethals · Ali Harrington · Lauren Jarreau · Britt Johnson · Bibiana Julian · Ashley Luebke · Caroline Lunny · Bekah Martinez · Marikh Mathias · Krystal Nielson · Nysha Norris · Annaliese Puccini · Chelsea Roy · Lauren Schleye · Brittany Taylor · Jacqueline Trumbull · Amber Wilkerson · Bryan Abasolo · Vanessa Grimaldi · Jordan Rodgers · Lauren Bushnell · Wells Adams · Danielle Maltby · Carly Waddell · Evan Bass · Jade Roper · Shawn Booth · Peter Kraus · Josh Murray · Whitney Bischoff · Nikki Ferrell · Catherine Giudici · Courtney Robertson · Molly Malaney · Tenley Molzahn · Melissa Rycroft · Dean Unglert · Kristina Schulman · Danielle Lombard · Clare Crawley · Becca Tilley · Caila Quinn · Emily Ferguson · Haley Ferguson · Amanda Stanton · Ashley Iaconetti · Juelia Kinney · Lindzi Cox · Samantha Steffen · Ashley Salter · Lauren Himle · Lace Morris · Corinne Olympios · DeMario Jackson · Taylor Nolan · Derek Peth · Raven Gates · Jasmine Goode · Matt Munson · Sarah Vendal · Lacey Mark · Jack Stone · Daniel Maguire · Jaimi King · Dominique Alexis · Christen Whitney · Jonathan Treece · Diggy Moreland · Robby Hayes · Luke Pell · Sarah Herron · Grant Kemp · Jenna Johnson · Kevin Schlehuber · Raven Walton · Paul Abrahamian · Cody Nickson · Jessica Graf · Christmas Abbott · Alex Ow · Josh Martinez · Mark Jansen · Jason Dent · Matt Clines ·
The Bachelor: The Bachelor Spoilers · The Bachelorette Spoilers · The Bachelor and The Bachelorette Facebook Group
Top People: Colton Underwood · Becca Kufrin · Arie Luyendyk Jr. · Rachel Lindsay · Nick Viall · Jojo Fletcher · Ben Higgins · Kaitlyn Bristowe · Chris Soules · Andi Dorfman · Juan Pablo Galavis · Desiree Hartsock · Sean Lowe · Emily Maynard · Ben Flajnik · Ashley Hebert · Brad Womack · Ali Fedotowsky · Jake Pavelka · Jillian Harris · Jason Mesnick · DeAnna Pappas · Matt Grant · Andy Baldwin · Lorenzo Borghese · Travis Stork · Charlie O'Connell · Byron Velvick · Jen Schefft · Andrew Firestone · Aaron Buerge · Trista Rehn · Cassie Randolph · Tayshia Adams · Hannah Godwin · Caelynn Miller-Keyes · Hannah Brown · Demi Burnett · Lincoln Adim · Leo Dottavio · Blake Horstmann · Chris Randone · Jason Tartick · Garrett Yrigoyen · Tia Booth · Lauren Burnham · Kendall Long · Bri Amaramthus · Valerie Biles · Jessica Carroll · Jenna Cooper · Maquel Cooper · Jenny Delaney · Seinne Fleming · Olivia Goethals · Ali Harrington · Lauren Jarreau · Britt Johnson · Bibiana Julian · Ashley Luebke · Caroline Lunny · Bekah Martinez · Marikh Mathias · Krystal Nielson · Nysha Norris · Annaliese Puccini · Chelsea Roy · Lauren Schleye · Brittany Taylor · Jacqueline Trumbull · Amber Wilkerson · Bryan Abasolo · Vanessa Grimaldi · Jordan Rodgers · Lauren Bushnell · Wells Adams · Danielle Maltby · Carly Waddell · Evan Bass · Jade Roper · Shawn Booth · Peter Kraus · Josh Murray · Whitney Bischoff · Nikki Ferrell · Catherine Giudici · Courtney Robertson · Molly Malaney · Tenley Molzahn · Melissa Rycroft · Dean Unglert · Kristina Schulman · Danielle Lombard · Clare Crawley · Becca Tilley · Caila Quinn · Emily Ferguson · Haley Ferguson · Amanda Stanton · Ashley Iaconetti · Juelia Kinney · Lindzi Cox · Samantha Steffen · Ashley Salter · Lauren Himle · Lace Morris · Corinne Olympios · DeMario Jackson · Taylor Nolan · Derek Peth · Raven Gates · Jasmine Goode · Matt Munson · Sarah Vendal · Lacey Mark · Jack Stone · Daniel Maguire · Jaimi King · Dominique Alexis · Christen Whitney · Jonathan Treece · Diggy Moreland · Robby Hayes · Luke Pell · Sarah Herron · Grant Kemp · Jenna Johnson · Kevin Schlehuber · Raven Walton · Paul Abrahamian · Cody Nickson · Jessica Graf · Christmas Abbott · Alex Ow · Josh Martinez · Mark Jansen · Jason Dent · Matt Clines ·
The Bachelor: The Bachelor Spoilers · The Bachelorette Spoilers · The Bachelor and The Bachelorette Facebook Group
All site content is © 2000-2018 Reality TV World and may not be republished or reproduced without Reality TV World's expressed written permission. All logos and trademarks presented are property of their respective owner.
This website has been solely developed and presented by Reality TV World, and is in no way authorized or connected with any network, station affiliate, or broadcasting sponsor.