The Day of the Jackal

The Day of the Jackal Information

The Day of the Jackal is a 1973 British-French thriller film directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Edward Fox and Michael Lonsdale. Based on the 1971 novel The Day of the Jackal by Frederick Forsyth, the film is about a professional assassin known only as the "Jackal" who is hired to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle in the summer of 1963.

The Day of the Jackal received positive reviews and went on to win the BAFTA Award for Best Film Editing (Ralph Kemplen), five additional BAFTA Award nominations, two Golden Globe Award nominations, and one Academy Award nomination. The film grossed $16,056,255 at the box office, and earned an additional $8,525,000 in North American rentals.

Plot

In the Paris suburb of Petit-Clamart on 22 August 1962, an assassination attempt is made on the President of France General Charles de Gaulle by the militant French underground organisation OAS in anger over the French government granting independence to Algeria. As the president's motorcade passes, de Gaulle's unarmoured Citroën DS car is raked with machine gun fire, but the entire entourage escapes without injury. Within six months, OAS leader Jean Bastien-Thiry and several other members of the plot are captured and executed.

The remaining OAS leaders, now exiled in Vienna, decide to make another attempt, and hire a professional British assassin (Edward Fox) who chooses the code name "Jackal". Agreeing to the killer's demand of half a million US dollars for his services, the OAS leaders order several bank robberies to raise the money. Meanwhile, the Jackal begins to plan his assassination of the highly-protected French president. He travels to Genoa and commissions a custom-made rifle and fake identity papers. As a professional, he spares the reliable gunsmith, but kills the forger who attempts to blackmail him. In Paris, he sneaks an impression of the key to a flat that overlooks the Place du 18 Juin 1940.

In Rome, where the OAS team have moved, members of the Gaullist militia group SAC identify and kidnap the OAS chief clerk Viktor Wolenski (Jean Martin). Using torture, they extract some elements of the assassination plot, including the word "Jackal", and report their findings to the Interior Minister (Alan Badel) who convenes a secret cabinet meeting of the heads of the French security forces. When asked to provide his best detective, the Police Commissioner Berthier (Timothy West) recommends his own deputy, Claude Lebel (Michael Lonsdale). Soon after, Lebel is given special emergency powers to conduct his investigation, which is complicated by de Gaulle's express orders for secrecy and his refusal to change any of his upcoming public appearances.

As the investigation progresses, one of the cabinet members, St. Clair (Barrie Ingham), unknowingly discloses the government's knowledge of the plot to his new mistress Denise (Olga Georges-Picot), an OAS plant who immediately passes this information on to her contact. Meanwhile, Lebel uses an old boy network of police agencies in other countries to determine that suspect "Charles Calthrop" may be travelling under the name "Paul Oliver Duggan", who appears in British records as someone who died as a child. Learning that "Duggan" has crossed into France, Lebel orders his men to search all hotel registrations in an effort to locate the killer.

After learning from his OAS contact that his code name is known, the Jackal still decides to carry on with his plan. He meets and seduces Colette de Montpellier (Delphine Seyrig) in a hotel in Grasse. Just before Lebel and his men arrive, the Jackal eludes his pursuers in his Alfa Romeo Giulietta Spider, and drives to Madame de Montpellier's estate. After sleeping with her again and discovering that the police had talked to her, he strangles her. The Jackal then assumes the identity of a bespectacled Danish school teacher, Per Lundquist, using a stolen Danish passport. He drives Madame de Montpellier's Renault Caravelle to the station at Tulle and catches a train for Paris.

After Madame de Montpellier's body is discovered, and her car is recovered at the Tulle train station, Lebel initiates an open manhunt for a murderer"?his investigation no longer hindered by forced secrecy. After checking the train schedule, he rushes to the Paris Austerlitz railway station, just a few minutes after the Jackal arrived. Looking to avoid hotels that are now being monitored, the Jackal goes to a Turkish bathhouse, where he allows himself to be picked up by a man and taken to the man's flat. The next day, the Jackal kills the man after the man learns from a television news flash that "Lundquist" is wanted for Madame de Montpellier's murder.

Meanwhile, at a meeting with the Interior Minister's cabinet, Lebel admits that the Jackal has not checked into any Paris hotel under his new identity. He informs the cabinet that they have three days to find the killer, who will most likely attempt to shoot de Gaulle on Liberation Day, August 25, during the ceremony honoring members of the French Resistance. Later, Lebel plays a tape recording of a phone call made from the house of one of the cabinet members. The cabinet hears St. Clair's mistress passing along information about the manhunt to her OAS contact. St. Clair acknowledges that the call was made from his house and leaves in disgrace. Later, he kills himself, and his mistress is caught.

On Liberation Day, the Jackal, disguised as an elderly veteran amputee, is allowed access to the building he had cased earlier. He assembles his custom-made rifle, which was cleverly concealed in one of his crutches, and takes up a position at a window in an upper apartment. When de Gaulle enters the square to present medals to veterans of the Resistance, the Jackal takes aim. Downstairs, Lebel questions the policeman who allowed the disguised Jackal to pass, and the two run to the building. As de Gaulle presents the first medal, the Jackal shoots just as the president leans down to kiss the recipient on the cheek, and the bullet misses. When Lebel and the policeman burst into the apartment, the Jackal turns and shoots the policeman, killing him. As the Jackal tries to re-load, Lebel picks up the policeman's submachine gun and kills the Jackal.

Back in Britain, the real Charles Calthrop enters his flat surprising the police, who realise the Jackal's real name was not Charles Calthrop after all. In fact, they now realize the killer could have been pretending to be British, just as he pretended to be Danish and French. At the cemetery, Lebel watches as the Jackal's coffin is lowered into a grave. The authorities wonder, "But if the Jackal wasn't Calthrop, then who the hell was he?"

Cast

Edward Fox as The Jackal
Michael Lonsdale as Claude Lebel
Terence Alexander as Lloyd
Michel Auclair as Colonel Rolland
Alan Badel as The Minister
Tony Britton as Inspector Thomas
Denis Carey as Casson
Adrien Cayla-Legrand as President Charles de Gaulle
Cyril Cusack as The Gunsmith
Maurice Denham as General Colbert
Vernon Dobtcheff as The Interrogator
Jacques François as Pascal
Olga Georges-Picot as Denise
Raymond Gérôme as Flavigny

Barrie Ingham as St. Clair
Derek Jacobi as Caron
Jean Martin as Wolenski
Ronald Pickup as The Forger
Eric Porter as Col. Rodin
Anton Rodgers as Bernard
Delphine Seyrig as Colette de Montpellier
Donald Sinden as Mallinson
Jean Sorel as Jean Bastien-Thiry
David Swift as Montclair
Timothy West as Berthier
Philippe Léotard as Gendarme
Edward Hardwicke as Charles Calthrop
David Kernan as Per Lundquist

Production

The movie was meant to be one of a two-picture deal between John Woolf and Zinneman, the other being an adaptation of the play Abelard and Heloise by Ronald Millar.

Although the story takes place in 1962 and 1963, the filmmakers made no efforts to avoid showing car models whose production began later, for example Peugeot 504 (built from 1968), Renault 12 (built from 1969), and a Fiat 128 (1969).

Fred Zinnemann wrote that Adrian Cayla-Legrand, the actor who played de Gaulle, was mistaken by several Parisians for the real thing during filming"?though de Gaulle had been dead for two years prior to the film's release. The sequence was filmed during a real parade, leading to confusion; the crowd (many of whom were unaware that a film was being shot) mistook the actors portraying police officers for real officers, and many tried to help them arrest the "suspects" they were apprehending in the crowd.

Filming locations

The Day of the Jackal was filmed on location in France, England, Italy, and Austria. Zinnemann was able to film in locations usually restricted to filmmakers"?such as inside the Ministry of the Interior"?due in large part to French producer Julien Derode's skill in dealing with authorities. During the massive annual July 14 parade down the Champs-Elysees, the company was allowed to film inside the police lines, capturing extraordinary closeup footage of the massing of troops, tanks, and artillery during the final Liberation Day sequence. During the weekend of 15 August, the Paris police cleared a very busy square of all traffic to film additional scenes.

150 Rue de Rennes, Paris 6, Paris, France (assassination sequence)
Archives nationales, Hôtel de Soubise, 60 Rue des Francs-Bourgeois, Paris 3, Paris, France (as the "?lysée Palace)
Boulevard de la Reine, Versailles, Yvelines, France (bank, as "Banque de Grenoble")
Boulevard des Batignolles, Paris 17, Paris, France (OAS contacts Denise)
British Museum, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, England, UK (the Jackal reads Le Figaro)
Champs-"?lysées, Paris 8, Paris, France (military parade)
Entrevaux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France (the Jackal drives by toward Paris)
French Riviera, Alpes-Maritimes, France
Gare d'Austerlitz, Place Valhubert, Quai d'Austerlitz, Paris 13, Paris, France
Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London, England, UK
Hôtel de Beauveau, Place Beauvau, Paris 8, Paris, France (Ministry of Interior)
Hotel Colombia, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
Hotel Negresco, 37 Promenade des Anglais, Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
Imperia, Liguria, Italy
La Bastide de Tourtour, Tourtour, Var, France (hotel where the Jackal meets Colette)
Limousin, France
Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire, England, UK (studio)
Place Charles Michels, Paris 15, Paris, France (van attacked)
Place du 18 juin 1940, Paris 6, Paris, France (final assassination sequence)
Place Valhubert, Quai d'Austerlitz, Paris 13, Paris, France
Place Vauban, Paris 7, Paris, France (biker stops to place the phone call)
Prater Park, Prater, Vienna, Austria (rendezvous with OAS heads)
Quai d'Austerlitz, Paris 13, Paris, France
Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris, France (outside the Palais de l'Elysée)
Scotland Yard, Whitehall, Westminster, London, England, UK (UK police)
Somerset House, Strand, London, England, UK (the Jackal obtains a birth certificate)
St. James's Park, St. James's, London, England, UK
Strand, London, England, UK (the Jackal obtains a birth certificate)
Studios de Boulogne, Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France (studio)
Tulle, Corrèze, France (the Jackal boards a train for Paris)
Ventimiglia, Imperia, Liguria, Italy
Veynes, Hautes-Alpes, France (train station, as Tulle station)
Victoria Embankment, Westminster, London, England, UK (UK police)

Reception

The film grossed $16,056,255 at the box office earning North American rentals of $8,525,000.

Zinnemann was pleased with the film's reception at the box office, telling an interviewer in 1993, "The idea that excited me was to make a suspense film where everybody knew the end - that de Gaulle was not killed. In spite of knowing the end, would the audience sit still? And it turned out that they did, just as the readers of the book did."

The film received extremely positive reviews, with a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Among those who praised the film was Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times, who gave the movie his highest rating of 4 stars, writing: </ref>}} Ebert concluded, "Zinnemann has mastered every detail ... There are some words you hesitate to use in a review, because they sound so much like advertising copy, but in this case I can truthfully say that the movie is spellbinding." Ebert included the movie at #7 on his list of the Top 10 films of the year.

Awards and nominations

Award	Category	Nominee
Academy Awards, 1974	Best Film Editing	Ralph Kemplen
BAFTA Awards, 1974	Best Film Editing	Ralph Kemplen
	Best Film
	Best Direction	Fred Zinnemann
	Best Screenplay	Kenneth Ross
	Best Sound Track	Nicholas Stevenson, Bob Allen
	Best Supporting Actor	Michael Lonsdale
	Best Supporting Actress	Delphine Seyrig
Golden Globe Awards, 1974	Best Director	Fred Zinnemann
	Best Motion Picture, Drama
	Best Screenplay	Kenneth Ross

Inspiration for 1997 film

The film was the inspiration for the 1997 American film The Jackal, shot in Richmond, Virginia and featuring Richard Gere, Bruce Willis, Sidney Poitier and Jack Black. Except for being a story about an assassin nicknamed The Jackal, it has nothing in common with the original story. Frederick Forsyth refused to allow his name to be used in connection with it, and director Fred Zinnemann fought with the studio to ensure that the new film did not share the first film's title.