Tony Richardson

Tony Richardson Biography

Cecil Antonio "Tony" Richardson (5 June 1928 – 14 November 1991) was an English theatre and film director and producer whose career spanned five decades. In 1964 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the film Tom Jones. He died of AIDS-related causes at age 63 in 1991.

Personal life

Richardson was born in Shipley, Yorkshire in 1928, the son of Elsie Evans (Campion) and Clarence Albert Richardson, a chemist. He was Head Boy at Ashville College, Harrogate and attended Wadham College, Oxford, where his contemporaries included Rupert Murdoch, Margaret Thatcher, Kenneth Tynan, Lindsay Anderson and Gavin Lambert. He had the unprecedented distinction of being the President of both the Oxford University Dramatic Society and the Experimental Theatre Club (the ETC), in addition to being the theatre critic for the university magazine Isis. Those he cast in his student productions included Shirley Williams (as Cordelia), John Schlesinger, Nigel Davenport and Robert Robinson.

Richardson was married to actress Vanessa Redgrave from 1962 to 1967. The couple had two daughters, Natasha (1963-2009) and Joely Richardson (born 1965), both actresses. He left Redgrave for actress Jeanne Moreau, although the marriage he had anticipated never materialised. In 1972 he also had a relationship with Grizelda Grimond, who was a secretary for Richardson's partner (ex-partner, by that time) Oscar Lewenstein, and the daughter of British politician Jo Grimond. Grizelda bore him a daughter, Katharine Grimond, on 8 January 1973.

Richardson was bisexual, but never acknowledged it publicly until after he contracted HIV. He died of complications from AIDS in 1991.

Career

In 1955, in his directing debut, Richardson produced Jean Giraudoux's The Apollo of Bellac for Television with Denholm Elliott and Natasha Parry in the main roles. Around the same time he began to be active in Britain's Free Cinema movement, co-directing the non-fiction short Momma Don't Allow (also 1955) with Karel Reisz.

Part of the British "New Wave" of directors, he was involved in the formation of the English Stage Company, along with his close friend George Goetschius and George Devine. He directed John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger at the Royal Court Theatre, and in the same period he directed Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon. Then in 1957 he directed Laurence Olivier as Archie Rice in Osborne's next play The Entertainer, again for the Royal Court.

In 1959, Richardson co-founded Woodfall Film Productions with John Osborne and producer Harry Saltzman, and, as Woodfall's debut, directed the film version of Look Back in Anger, his first feature film.

In 1964 Richardson received two Academy Awards (Best Director and Best Picture) for Tom Jones (1963). The prestige that lent him led immediately to The Loved One, during which he worked with established stars such as John Gielgud, Rod Steiger and Robert Morse working in Hollywood both on location and on the sound stage. In his autobiography he confesses that he did not share the general admiration of Haskell Wexler, who worked on The Loved One as both director of photography and a producer.

The films of Richardson's mid-career had nothing in common beyond shrewd collaborations with very talented people. Among his acting stars were Jeanne Moreau, Orson Welles, Trevor Howard, David Hemmings, Nicol Williamson, Marianne Faithfull, Richard Burton, Anthony Hopkins, Mick Jagger, Katharine Hepburn, Paul Scofield and Judi Dench. His musical composers included Antoine Duhamel, John Addison, and Shel Silverstein. His screenwriters were Jean Genet, Christopher Isherwood, Marguerite Duras, Edward Bond (adapting Vladimir Nabokov), and Edward Albee. Richardson and Osborne eventually fell out during production of the film Charge of the Light Brigade (1968). The basic issue was Osborne's unwillingness to go through the rewrite process, more arduous in film than it is in the theatre. Richardson himself had a different version. In his autobiography (p. 195) he writes that Osborne was angry at being replaced, in a small rle, by Laurence Harvey to whom the producers had obligations. Osborne took literary revenge by creating a fictionalised and pseudonymous Richardson — a domineering and arrogant character whom everyone hated — in his play Hotel in Amsterdam.

Stylistically, Richardson's oeuvre was highly varied. Mademoiselle was shot noir-style on location in rural France with a static camera, monochrome film stock and no music. The Charge of the Light Brigade was part epic and part animated feature. Ned Kelly was what might be called an Aussie-western. Laughter in the Dark and A Delicate Balance were psycho-dramas. Joseph Andrews was a return to the mood of Tom Jones.

He financed the escape from Wormwood Scrubs prison of the spy and double agent George Blake in 1966.

In 1970 Richardson was set to direct a film about Vaslav Nijinsky with a script by Edward Albee starring Rudolf Nureyev as Nijinsky, Claude Jade as Romola and Paul Scofield as Diaghilev, but producer Harry Saltzman canceled the project during pre-production.

In 1974 he went to Los Angeles to work on a script (never produced) with Sam Shepard, and to his own surprise took up residence there. Later that year he began work on Mahogany (1975), starring Diana Ross, but was fired by Motown head Berry Gordy shortly after production began. Gordy took over direction himself.

Richardson was to make four more major films before his death. His last, Blue Sky, was released posthumously and won a Best Actress Oscar for Jessica Lange.

Filmography (as director)

The Apollo of Bellac (TV) (1954)
The Actor's End (TV) (1955)
Momma Don't Allow (with Karel Reisz; 1955)
Look Back in Anger (1959)
The Entertainer (1960)
A Subject of Scandal and Concern (1960)
Sanctuary (1961)
A Taste of Honey (1961)
The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962)
Tom Jones (1963)
The Loved One (1965)
Mademoiselle (1966)
Red and Blue (1967)
The Sailor from Gibraltar (1967)
The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968)
Laughter in the Dark (1969)
Hamlet (1969)
Ned Kelly (1970)
A Delicate Balance (1973)
Dead Cert (1974)
Mahogany (uncredited; replaced by Berry Gordy 1975)
Joseph Andrews (1977)
A Death in Canaan (1978)
Playing for Time (TV) (1982)
The Border (1982)
The Hotel New Hampshire (1984)
The Penalty Phase (TV) (1986)
Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun (1988)
Hills Like White Elephants (TV) (1990)
Women and Men: Stories of Seduction (with Frederic Raphael and Ken Russell; 1990)
The Phantom of the Opera (TV) (1990)
Blue Sky (1994)

Theatre

sources: Adler; Little & McLaughlin; Richardson

Year	Play	House	City	Run
1954	The Changeling	Wyndham's	London	1 perf.
1955	The Country Wife	Th. Royal, Stratford E	London	3 weeks
1955	Mr Kettle & Mrs Moon	Duchess	London
1956	The Mulberry Bush	Royal Court	London
1956	The Crucible	Royal Court	London
1956	Look Back in Anger	Royal Court	London	151 perf.
1956	Cards of Identity	Royal Court	London
1957	Look Back in Anger	John Golden, Lyceum	New York	~1 year
1957	Look Back in Anger		Moscow
1957	The Member of the Wedding	Royal Court	London
1957	The Entertainer	Royal Court	London	4 weeks
1957	The Apollo of Bellac	Royal Court	London
1957	The Chairs	Royal Court	London
1957	The Entertainer	Palace	London	6 months
1957	The Making of Moo	Royal Court	London
1957	Requiem for a Nun	Royal Court	London
1958	The Entertainer	Royale	New York
1958	The Chairs & The Lesson	Phoenix	New York	17 perf.
1958	Flesh to a Tiger	Royal Court	London
1958	Pericles	SMT	Stratford-on-Avon
1959	Othello	SMT	Stratford-on-Avon
1959	Orpheus Descending	Royal Court	London
1959	Look After Lulu!	Royal Court	London	45 perf.
1959	Look After Lulu!	New	London	5 months
1960	A Taste of Honey		Los Angeles
1960	A Taste of Honey	Booth, Lyceum	New York	376 perf.
1961	The Changeling	Royal Court	London
1961	Luther	Royal Court	London	28 perf.
1961	Luther	Phoenix	London	239 perf.
1962	A Midsummer Night's Dream	Royal Court	London	29 perf.
1962	Semi-Detached	Saville	London
1963	Natural Affection	Booth	New York	31 perf.
1963	Luther	Lunt-Fontanne, St. James	New York	6 months
1963	Semi-Detached	Music Box	New York	12 perf.
1963	Arturo Ui	Lunt-Fontanne	New York	8 perf.
1964	The Milk Train...	Brooks Atkinson	New York	5 perf.
1964	The Seagull	Queen's	London
1964	St Joan of the Stockyards	Queen's	London	3 weeks
1969	Hamlet	Roundhouse	London	10 weeks
1969	Hamlet	Lunt-Fontanne	New York	52 perf.
1972	The Threepenny Opera	Prince of Wales	London
1972	I, Claudius	Queen's	London
1973	Anthony and Cleopatra	Bankside Globe Playhouse	London
1976	The Lady from the Sea	Circle in the Square Theatre	New York
1979	As You Like It	Center Theatre	Long Beach
1983	Toyer	Kennedy Center	Washington DC
1984	Dreamhouse	L.A. Stage Co.	Hollywood